Comparison of Nutritional Status of Under-Five Children between Two Different Socio-Economic Areas of Lusaka District-Chipata and Matero Compounds

Abstract

According to the World Health Organization, over three million children under the age of five die each year from environment-related conditions, such as malnutrition, lack of access to clean water, and the risk of infections. To better understand this issue, a cross-sectional study was conducted to compare the nutritional status of under five children in two different socio-economic areas of Lusaka: Chipata and Matero compounds. The study aimed to assess the nutritional status of under five children, the socio-economic level of the parents, and the dietary history of the children.

Data was collected using a questionnaire and anthropometric measurements for 50 children, whose mothers/caregivers were also interviewed. The results showed that 16% of under five children in Chipata had severe acute malnutrition, while only 4% in Matero had this condition. On the other hand, 64% of children in Matero were well-nourished, compared to 48% in Chipata. Additionally, 64% of children in Chipata were stunted (16% severely stunted, 12% moderately stunted, and 36% mildly stunted), while 56% of children in Matero were stunted (28% severely stunted and 28% mildly stunted). The dietary history of the children revealed that Matero had a higher proportion of children who ate more than four meals a day (60%) compared to Chipata (36%).

The study also looked at the socio-economic status of the parents. Out of 50 mothers, 42% in Matero had completed a high level of education (36% college and 8% university), while 88% in Chipata had completed a low level of education (36% primary and 52% secondary). Moreover, Matero had a higher proportion of employed mothers (48%) and those who received a high monthly income (24%) compared to Chipata, which had only 16% employed mothers and 12% who received a high monthly income.

The study clearly indicates a strong relationship between the socio-economic status of the parents, the dietary history, and the nutritional status of the children. The findings highlight the urgent need to address the issue of malnutrition in under five children in these areas, particularly in Chipata where a higher proportion of children suffer from severe acute malnutrition and stunting. Targeted interventions should focus on improving access to clean water, nutritious food, and healthcare services, as well as addressing the underlying socio-economic factors that contribute to malnutrition. These efforts could save millions of lives and improve the overall health and well-being of children in these communities.